Everything about Colonization Of Cochinchina totally explained
The
colonization of Cochinchina – which was the European name for the
southern part of
Vietnam – occurred in two phases between
1858 and
1867.
Historical background
Following the
Second Opium War, the French government of
Napoleon III, with the help of
Spanish troops arriving from the
Philippines (which was a Spanish colony at the time), decided to take over the southern part of Vietnam.
First phase of colonialization
Napoleon III was instrumental in establishing the stronger French presence in the region. In
1858 the emperor approved a naval operation, initially said to provide security for the French Catholic missionaries. The operation escalated and by
1861 it had turned into an invasion. By
1862 hostilities ceased and in the following negotiations Vietnam was forced to cede three provinces to the French. This eventually became French Cochinchina.
French Cochinchina opened three major ports for essentially unrestricted French trade and allowed French navy ships free passage to
Cambodia. Although French Cochinchina also gave French missionaries free reins, it didn't stop hostilities between the Vietnamese and the Christian missionaries and the Vietnamese converts.
Timeline of the first phase
In September 1
1858, France occupied
Đà Nẵng (Tourane). On
18 February 1859, they conquered
Saigon and three southern Vietnamese provinces:
Biên Hòa,
Gia Định and
Đinh Tường; on
13 April 1862, the Vietnamese monarchic government was forced to cede those territories to France as part of the
Treaty of Saigon.
Timeline of the second phase
In 1867, French authorities claimed that Emperor
Tu Duc wasn't abiding by the treaty and that he was secretly supporting Vietnamese guerrillas who were trying to drive the French out of the three provinces. They used this to justify another attack to gain three more provinces. The provinces of
Châu Đốc,
Hà Tiên and
Vĩnh Long were added to French controlled territory. In 1874 all the French territories in southern Vietnam were declared to be the new French colony of Cochinchina.
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